SEGURIDAD PSICOLÓGICA Y SALUD MENTAL EN EL TRABAJO: UNA AGENDA PARA LA INVESTIGACIÓN Y LA INTERVENCIÓN EN LAS ORGANIZACIONES.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33026/608bsy77Palabras clave:
Seguridad psicológica, Salud mental en el trabajo, Riesgos psicosocialesResumen
La salud mental se ha convertido en un tema fundamental en la agenda de seguridad y salud ocupacional, y la seguridad psicológica se ha identificado como una de las condiciones ambientales psicosociales más directamente relacionadas con la protección del bienestar de los trabajadores. Este artículo analiza la relación entre la seguridad psicológica y la salud mental en el trabajo, así como sus implicaciones para la investigación y la intervención en las organizaciones. Argumenta que la seguridad psicológica debe definirse como una propiedad relacional y ambiental, distinta de sus antecedentes, condiciones y resultados en la salud mental. Se sistematizan los mecanismos que la vinculan con la salud mental y la evidencia empírica disponible, así como su alineación con las normas ISO 45003:2021 y 10075 y el marco regulatorio brasileño (Norma Regulatoria N.° 1). Concluye con una agenda que articula los requisitos de medición, los diseños de investigación y un modelo de intervención organizado por niveles de prevención, orientado a rediseñar las condiciones de trabajo en lugar de la responsabilidad individual.
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EDMONDSON, A. C. The fearless organization: creating psychological safety in the workplace for learning, innovation, and growth. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, 2019.
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ELDOR, L.; HU, X.; CAPPELLI, P. The limits of psychological safety: nonlinear relationships with performance. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, [S. l.], v. 177, art. 104255, 2023. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2023.104255. Acesso em: 6 ago. 2026.
FATTORI, A. et al. Psychosocial safety climate (PSC) at middle management level in the healthcare sector: a contribution to the Italian validation of Psychosocial Safety Climate-4. Frontiers in Psychology, [S. l.], v. 13, art. 1046286, 2022. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1046286. Acesso em: 6 ago. 2026.
FRAZIER, M. L. et al. Psychological safety: a meta-analytic review and extension. Personnel Psychology, [S. l.], v. 70, n. 1, p. 113-165, 2017. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1111/peps.12183. Acesso em: 6 ago. 2026.
GRAILEY, K. E. et al. The presence and potential impact of psychological safety in the healthcare setting: an evidence synthesis. BMC Health Services Research, [S. l.], v. 21, art. 773, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-06740-6. Acesso em: 6 ago. 2026.
HARO, E.; KLEINER, B. M. Macroergonomics as an organizing process for systems safety. Applied Ergonomics, [S. l.], v. 39, n. 4, p. 450-458, 2008. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2008.02.018. Acesso em: 6 ago. 2026.
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HUNT, D. F. et al. Enhancing psychological safety in mental health services. International Journal of Mental Health Systems, [S. l.], v. 15, art. 33, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13033-021-00439-1. Acesso em: 6 ago. 2026.
INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION. Occupational Safety and Health Convention (No. 155). Genebra: ILO, 1981.
INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION. Promotional Framework for Occupational Safety and Health Convention (No. 187). Genebra: ILO, 2006.
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION. ISO 10075-2: ergonomic principles related to mental workload: part 2: design principles. Genebra: ISO, 1996.
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION. ISO 10075-3: ergonomic principles related to mental workload: part 3: principles and requirements concerning methods for measuring and assessing mental workload. Genebra: ISO, 2004.
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION. ISO 6385: ergonomics principles in the design of work systems. Genebra: ISO, 2016.
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION. ISO 10075-1: ergonomic principles related to mental workload: part 1: general issues and concepts, terms and definitions. Genebra: ISO, 2017.
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION. ISO 45001: occupational health and safety management systems: requirements with guidance for use. Genebra: ISO, 2018.
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION. ISO 45003: occupational health and safety management: psychological health and safety at work: guidelines for managing psychosocial risks. Genebra: ISO, 2021.
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