EDUCAÇÃO ATUAL DE IDEAIS REVOLUCIONÁRIOS PARA ALUNOS UNIVERSITÁRIOS NO CONTEXTO DE INTEGRAÇÃO INTERNACIONAL NO VIETNÃ


EDUCACIÓN ACTUAL DE LOS IDEALES REVOLUCIONARIOS PARA ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS EN EL CONTEXTO DE LA INTEGRACIÓN INTERNACIONAL EN VIETNAM


CURRENT EDUCATION OF REVOLUTIONARY IDEALS FOR UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATION IN VIETNAM


Nguyen Thi NHU THUY1 Nguyen THI QUYET2


RESUMO: O atual processo de integração econômica internacional tem impactado fortemente percepções, pensamentos e sentimentos dos alunos e se reflete em todos os seus comportamentos de vida, afetando seus ideais revolucionários de maneiras positivas e negativas. Para promover os efeitos positivos trazidos pela integração internacional e limitar os negativos, a educação de ideais revolucionários tornou-se uma necessidade urgente fortalecer a educação moral e de estilo de vida, e promover ideais revolucionários para os alunos. Este artigo é o resultado de um estudo realizado com base em uma pesquisa com 667 alunos da Universidade de Tecnologia e Educação da Cidade de Ho Chi Minh de junho a agosto de 2021. Os resultados refletem plenamente a realidade dos ideais revolucionários da educação para alunos dessa universidade. Com base nisso, os autores propõem soluções para melhorar a eficácia dos ideais revolucionários de educação dos alunos da Universidade no atual contexto de integração internacional.


PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Ideais revolucionários. Estudantes. Integração internacional. Universidade de tecnologia e educação da cidade de Ho Chi Minh. Vietnã.


RESUMEN: El actual proceso de integración económica internacional ha tenido impacto en las percepciones, pensamientos y sentimientos de los estudiantes y se refleja en sus comportamientos vitales, afectando a sus ideales revolucionarios de forma positiva y negativa. Para promover los efectos positivos y limitar los negativos, la educación de los ideales revolucionarios se ha convertido en una necesidad urgente para fortalecer la educación moral y de estilo de vida, y promover estos ideales entre ellos. Este artículo es resultado de un estudio realizado a partir de una encuesta a 667 estudiantes de la Universidad de Tecnología y Educación de Ho Chi Minh entre junio y agosto de 2021. Los resultados reflejan la realidad de los ideales revolucionarios de la educación de los estudiantes de esta universidad. A partir de ahí, los autores proponen soluciones para


1 Universidade de Tecnologia e Educação da Cidade de Ho Chi Minh – Ho Chi Minh – Vietnã. PhD. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6529-9651. E-mail: ntnthuy@hcmute.edu.vn

2 Universidade de Tecnologia e Educação da Cidade de Ho Chi Minh – Ho Chi Minh – Vietnã. PhD. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4224-4754. E-mail: quyetnt@hcmute.edu.vn


mejorar la eficacia de los ideales revolucionarios de la educación en el contexto de integración internacional.


PALABRAS CLAVE: Ideales revolucionarios. Estudiantes. Integración internacional. Universidad de tecnología y educación de la ciudad de Ho Chi Minh. Vietnam.


ABSTRACT: The current process of international economic integration has strongly impacted students’ perceptions, thoughts and feelings and is reflected in all their life behaviors, affecting their revolutionary ideals in positive and negative ways. To promote the positive effects brought about by international integration and limit the negative ones, education of revolutionary ideals has become an urgent need to strengthen moral and lifestyle education, and promote revolutionary ideals to students. This article is the result of a study conducted based on a survey with 667 students at Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education from June to August 2021. The results fully reflect the reality of the revolutionary ideals of education for students at this university. Based on this, the authors propose solutions to improve the effectiveness of the revolutionary ideals of education for students of the University in the current context of international integration.


KEYWORDS: Revolutionary ideals. Students. International integration. Ho Chi Minh city university of technology and education. Vietnam.


Introdução


O atual processo de integração econômica internacional vem tendo forte impacto nas percepções, pensamentos e sentimentos dos alunos e se reflete em todos os seus comportamentos. Esse fenômeno afeta os ideais revolucionários dos estudantes de maneira positiva e, também, negativa. Do lado positivo, a integração econômica internacional é considerada uma força motriz para o progresso social, oferece condições e oportunidades favoráveis para que os alunos aprendam, pratiquem e se desenvolvam. Além disso, a integração internacional carrega suas desvantagens, seus impactos negativos e dá origem a diversos problemas sociais complexos, afetando o processo de formação, desenvolvimento e realização dos ideais revolucionários dos estudantes. Referindo-se a estes impactos negativos, o nosso Partido afirmou: “O mecanismo de mercado e a integração internacional, além de seus grandes efeitos positivos, também revelaram seu lado negativo. Consequentemente, afetou a consciência, a ideologia, a moralidade de nosso povo e o estilo de vida” (PARTIDO COMUNISTA DO VIETNÃ, 1998). Para promover os efeitos positivos trazidos pela integração internacional e limitar os negativos, a educação dos ideais revolucionários para os jovens em geral e os estudantes em particular tornou-se uma necessidade urgente.


Revisão de literatura


Em torno da questão da educação de ideais revolucionários para jovens em geral e estudantes em particular, nos últimos anos, muitos autores têm pesquisado em diferentes aspectos e abordagens. Estes foram apresentados na forma de livros, teses, artigos e tópicos de pesquisa científica em todos os níveis. Especificamente, quanto aos estudos na forma de livros, há autores como: Do Muoi (1995), Ho Duc Viet (1996), Dang Quoc Bao (1997), Doan Nam Dan (2002), Tran Quy Nhon (2005), Duong Tu Dam (2002), Doan Van Thai (2002), Pham Dinh Nghiep (2004), Nguyen Duc Tien (2005), Ho Chi Minh União da Juventude Comunista (2007). Esses trabalhos apenas avaliam brevemente o nível de esclarecimento dos ideais socialistas dos jovens sem entrar em detalhes sobre cada questão e mesmo não mencionam a situação real do desenvolvimento dos ideais socialistas para os jovens no período atual. Na forma de teses, dissertações e tópicos de pesquisa em todos os níveis, há trabalhos dos autores: Projeto científico estadual, código NN.7 em 1995 por Pham Tat Dong (editor), Doan Nam Dan (2000), Tran Van Mieu (2002), Diep Minh Giang (2005), Tran Dinh Bao (2007), Tran Van Hai (2007).

Atualmente, a Educação dos ideais revolucionários desempenha um papel muito importante no processo de construção do socialismo no Vietnã. A fim de construir com sucesso o socialismo, deve haver novas pessoas socialistas, isso significa que deve haver pessoas que se desenvolvam plenamente em capacidade, força física, força mental. A educação é um dos métodos mais importantes para criar pessoas socialistas – que são as pessoas amplamente desenvolvidas, que servem à causa de construir e defender o estado socialista vietnamita.


Métodos


Os principais métodos utilizados neste artigo são a pesquisa qualitativa e quantitativa. No primeiro, os autores utilizam principalmente a análise documental secundária das pesquisas e a análise de documentos como: livros, dissertações, artigos publicados em periódicos de pesquisa científica, estatísticas em sites e relatórios de autoridades em todos os níveis. O objetivo da revisão de literatura é encontrar instruções teóricas e práticas para o autor detectar e analisar o problema de pesquisa. Ao mesmo tempo, a revisão da literatura ajuda os autores a sintetizar as informações e dados necessários para apontar as lacunas na documentação, as ferramentas teóricas e os métodos para identificar novas ferramentas e


métodos de pesquisa. Neste último, foi realizado um método de levantamento por questionário online, e os dados processados pelo método estatístico SPSS.

Os resultados da pesquisa foram conduzidos com uma amostra de 289 alunos da Universidade de Tecnologia e Educação da Cidade de Ho Chi Minh de junho a agosto de 2021. Essa amostra incluiu 32,2% estudantes do sexo feminino (n = 215) e 67,8% do sexo masculino (n = 452); a proporção de calouros é de 63,0% (n = 420), de 2º ano é de 26,2% (n = 175), de alunos de terceiro ano é de 7,5% (n = 50), de alunos de quarto ano é de 2,1% (n = 14)

, e a partir do quinto ano ou mais é de 1,2% (n = 8). Entre os alunos do primeiro ano aos alunos do quinto ano ou mais, o sistema de formação de alta qualidade responde por 37,0% do total de alunos (n = 247), o sistema de massa responde por 63,0% do total de alunos (n = 420), nos seguintes setores: Engenharia (74,5%, n = 497), Economia (19,3%, n = 129), Línguas estrangeiras e design de moda (6,1%, n = 41).


Resultados e discussão


A transformação e o problema da educação de ideais revolucionários para estudantes no contexto da atual integração e desenvolvimento na cidade de Ho Chi Minh


Hoje em dia, os impactos negativos do lado negro da economia de mercado e da integração internacional, a resistência das forças hostis, a influência de correntes culturais tóxicas fizeram com que uma parte dos adolescentes do nosso país, incluindo os estudantes, esvaecessem os objetivos e ideais do Partido. Além disso, não estão devidamente cientes das conspirações e artimanhas do inimigo, seguem o pragmatismo, assim como o prazer, têm preguiça de aprender e trabalhar, não participam de atividades de massa e caem em males sociais. Portanto, compreender a transformação dos ideais revolucionários dos estudantes em geral e dos estudantes da Universidade de Tecnologia e Educação da Cidade de Ho Chi Minh em particular no contexto de integração e desenvolvimento na cidade de Ho Chi Minh é agora realmente necessário para orientar melhores planos e soluções para o educação dos ideais revolucionários. De acordo com os resultados da nossa pesquisa, a maioria dos estudantes da universidade pesquisada acredita que a transformação de seus ideais revolucionários no contexto de integração e desenvolvimento na cidade de Ho Chi Minh hoje é tanto positiva quanto negativa, o que representa o maior percentual (45,9%). A avaliação sobre a transformação dos ideais revolucionários do aluno no sentido positivo responde por 42,4%, no sentido negativo responde por 1,6% e 10,0% é o percentual da avaliação “difícil de determinar” (Tabela 1).


Tabela 1 – A transformação dos ideais revolucionários dos estudantes no contexto atual de integração e desenvolvimento na cidade de Ho Chi Minh


Medida

N

Avaliação %

Positiva (otimismo, empolgação)

283

42.4

Negativa (pessimismo, ansiedade)

11

1.6

Ambas (positiva e negativa)

306

45.9

Difícil de determinar

67

10.0

Total

667

100.0

Fonte: Resultados de pesquisa em Junho-Agosto 2021


A fim de perceber e avaliar a transformação dos ideais revolucionários dos estudantes no atual contexto de integração e desenvolvimento na cidade de Ho Chi Minh, sua confiança no marxismo-leninismo, no pensamento de Ho Chi Minh e nas políticas de reforma iniciadas e lideradas pelo Partido Comunista do Vietname desempenha um papel principal e importante. Porque, se a moralidade e a personalidade das pessoas forem desenvolvidas incorretamente, elas não poderão se tornar o futuro dono do país. Além disso, eles também são facilmente provocados, manipulados e caem na trama de evolução pacífica e tumultos. Assim, o oportunismo facilmente prevalecerá e se desenvolverá. Portanto, descobrir as causas da deterioração dos ideais revolucionários de uma parte dos estudantes na cidade de Ho Chi Minh hoje ajudará administradores educacionais, professores e líderes em todos os níveis a compreender a causa. Com base nisso, existem soluções adequadas de inovação educacional. De acordo com os resultados da nossa pesquisa, há muitas razões para o declínio dos ideais revolucionários de uma parte dos estudantes da cidade de Ho Chi Minh hoje. Em que, o impacto do meio social responde pela maior proporção (35,6%), a avaliação de “muitos alunos percebem mal em suas visões de vida” respondendo por 31,2%, a avaliação de “educação moral e popularização ainda é limitada”, conta para 21,0% e a avaliação de “falta de cuidado familiar” com 12,1% (Tabela 2).


Tabela 2 – O que causa o declínio dos atuais ideais revolucionários de uma parte dos estudantes da cidade de Ho Chi Minh?


Medida

N

Avaliação

%

Impactos do ambiente social

493

35.6%

Falta de cuidado familiar

168

12.1%

Educação moral e popularização ainda são limitadas

291

21.0%

Concepções errôneas dos alunos sobre a perspectiva de vida

432

31.2%

Fonte: Resultados de pesquisa em Junho – Agosto 2021.


A identificação das causas acima revela que a educação dos ideais revolucionários é eficaz no desenvolvimento da personalidade humana; esta é uma forma para que as pessoas se adaptem e sobrevivam em todas as circunstâncias. A questão é: como educar? Por qual método? O conteúdo e a forma são adequados aos valores éticos, humanísticos, culturais e políticos? De acordo com o ponto de vista do marxismo-leninismo, a educação ajuda a formar os seres humanos plenamente desenvolvidos, aqueles que se sabe serem imbuídos de todo o conhecimento da humanidade, do qual o comunismo é o resultado, porque o futuro da humanidade depende inteiramente da educação da crescente geração de mão de obra (MARX; ENGELS; LENIN; STALIN, 1967), na qual a educação para criar a confiança ocupa o papel mais importante. Com muitas formas e conteúdos de educação de ideais revolucionários para estudantes no contexto da integração internacional, gradualmente criamos a confiança, e construímos, consolidamos e promovemos os ideais revolucionários para a geração jovem, especialmente estudantes que estudam nas universidades do país. De acordo com os resultados da nossa pesquisa com alunos da Universidade de Tecnologia e Educação da Cidade de Ho Chi Minh, a maioria dos alunos agora acredita fortemente no marxismo- leninismo, no pensamento de Ho Chi Minh e na política de reforma iniciada e liderada pelo Partido Comunista do Vietnã. Especificamente, a porcentagem de estudantes que têm absoluta confiança no marxismo-leninismo e no pensamento de Ho Chi Minh é de 97,5%, na linha de renovação iniciada e liderada pelo Partido Comunista do Vietnã é de 97,7%. A taxa de desconfiança é muito baixa (apenas de 2,2% a 2,5%) (Tabela 3).


Tabela 3 – Confiança no marxismo-leninismo, no pensamento de Ho Chi Minh e na política de reforma iniciada e liderada pelo Partido Comunista do Vietnã


Conteúdos

Medida

N

Avaliação %


Confiança no Marxismo-Leninismo, Pensamento de Ho Chi Minh

Confiança completa

240

36.0

Confia

410

61.5

Não confia

17

2.5

Total

667

100.0


Confiança na política de reforma iniciada e liderada pelo Partido Comunista do Vietnã

Confiança completa

299

44.8

Confia

353

52.9

Não confia

15

2.2

Total

667

100.0

Fonte: Resultados de pesquisa de Junho – Agosto 2021


Embora a grande maioria dos estudantes em nossa amostra de pesquisa mostre claramente sua confiança quase absoluta, ainda há um pequeno grupo de estudantes que não depositou sua confiança no marxismo-leninismo, no pensamento de Ho Chi Minh e na política de reforma iniciada e liderada pelo Partido Comunista Partido do Vietnã (apenas de 2,2% para 2,5%). Esta realidade exige que o Partido, o Estado e as organizações sociopolíticas como a União da Juventude, a União dos Estudantes, a União das Mulheres do Vietnã e a Frente da Pátria do Vietnã prestem mais atenção à educação e à promoção de ideais revolucionários para os estudantes, a fim de realizar com sucesso a causa da industrialização e modernização do país, construir e desenvolver o país de acordo com a orientação socialista definida pelo Partido, Tio Ho e nosso povo. Para cumprir este requisito, é necessário ter avaliações precisas e objetivas da educação revolucionária ideal para os alunos no contexto da integração internacional em termos de conteúdo, forma, métodos, assuntos cognitivos e educacionais.


Avaliação dos alunos da Universidade de Tecnologia e Educação da Cidade de Ho Chi Minh sobre o conteúdo e a forma de educação dos ideais revolucionários para os alunos de acordo com o pensamento, a moralidade e o estilo de Ho Chi Minh e as questões levantadas


Para desenvolver soluções para melhorar a eficácia da educação de ideais revolucionários para estudantes no contexto da integração internacional no Vietnã hoje, é preciso saber que desempenha um papel importante na elevação do senso de autorrespeito nacional, elevando os ideais revolucionários no processo de construção e defesa nacional. Segundo Marx, qualidade é o que eleva as pessoas acima de tudo, o que agrega valor às suas atividades. Devemos escolher nossos ideais revolucionários para que não sejamos escravos e possamos ser criativos em nossa própria esfera.

Uma avaliação do conteúdo e da forma de educação dos ideais revolucionários para os alunos segundo o pensamento, o exemplo moral e o estilo de Ho Chi Minh nas universidades atuais mostra que, para fornecer recursos aos alunos, o método educacional que toca o coração é o mais importante 1. Como resultado, os sujeitos educacionais entendem o que os alunos precisam e não têm para apoiar. Capturar as qualidades morais e o estilo de vida dos alunos é uma das maneiras e métodos para tocar o coração dos alunos, entendê-los melhor e fornecer recursos para os alunos que precisam de apoio. De acordo com os resultados de nossa pesquisa, existem muitas qualidades morais para promover ideais revolucionários para estudantes, como patriotismo; altruísmo, bondade, amor pelas pessoas; piedade filial aos avós, pais; solidariedade e harmonia com amigos, irmãos e irmãs; respeito, cortesia e gratidão aos professores; obedecendo à lei (Tabela 4).


Tabela 4 – Os alunos atuais precisam ter qualidades morais para fomentar ideais revolucionários

Medida

N

Avaliação %

Patriotismo

622

17.9%

Altruísmo, bondade, amor pelas pessoas

596

17.2%

Piedade filial aos avós, pais

547

15.8%

Solidariedade, harmonia com amigos, irmãos e irmãs

566

16,3%

Respeito, educação e gratidão pelos professores

548

15.8%

Obediência consciente às leis

594

17.1%

Total

3473

100.0%

Fonte: Resultados de pesquisa de Junho – Agosto 2021


Da educação que toca o coração dos alunos, compreendendo as qualidades intrínsecas, a moral e os recursos dos alunos, a educação de ideais morais revolucionários nas universidades está, portanto, também mais intimamente relacionada ao conteúdo e à forma. Especificamente, no ensino superior, as qualidades e a ética nos ideais revolucionários, que são focalizados e popularizados, são o patriotismo e o amor ao povo; coragem, confiança; modéstia, simplicidade, parcimônia; solidariedade, benevolência, altruísmo, tolerância; a vontade e determinação para alcançar os melhores resultados de aprendizagem; polidez, respeito pelos outros; proteger o ambiente natural (Tabela 5).


Tabela 5 – A ética e as qualidades nos ideais revolucionários que te formaram na universidade

Medida

N

Avaliação

%

Patriotismo, amor pelas pessoas

549

14.2%

Coragem, confiança

520

13.5%

Modéstia, simplicidade, parcimônia

530

13.7%

Solidariedade, bondade, perdão, tolerância

555

14.4%

Vontade e determinação para alcançar o melhor aprendizado

601

15.6%

Ser educado e respeitar os demais

572

14.8%

Proteger o meio ambiente

531

13.8%

Total

3858

100.0%

Fonte: Resultados de pesquisa em Junho – Agosto 2021


No documento do VIII Congresso Nacional dos Deputados, o Partido determinou que a educação do pensamento político, a formação da moral revolucionária e o anti- individualismo são tarefas importantes, pois, para a geração jovem, o cuidado com a educação, a promoção e a formação de desenvolvimento abrangente da política, ideologia, moralidade, estilo de vida, cultura, saúde e profissão, etc., ajudará a criar empregos, desenvolver talentos e criatividade, promover o papel de pioneirismo na causa da construção e defesa nacional (PARTIDO COMUNISTA DO VIETNÃ, 1998). Portanto, todo o Partido estudou seriamente o marxismo-leninismo e o pensamento de Ho Chi Minh. Cada nível de comitê e cada ramo tem um plano para revisar periodicamente a implementação do Testamento do Presidente Ho Chi Minh para melhorar a moralidade revolucionária e combater o individualismo. No documento do 10º Congresso Nacional dos Deputados, o nosso Partido continua a aderir ao marxismo-leninismo e ao pensamento de Ho Chi Minh,


aplica-os criativamente, desenvolve-os de acordo com as realidades vietnamitas e adere firmemente ao objetivo da independência nacional e do socialismo (PARTIDO COMUNISTA DO VIETNÃ, 2006):


Cultivating the revolutionary moral qualities, and fighting the individualism by studying and following Ho Chi Minh’s moral example is a regular and long-term important task of cadres, party members, branches, party organizations and classes of people. Each cadre and party member constantly cultivates and practices revolutionary morality, and is truly an example of moral qualities, and lifestyle. The results of the process of education of revolutionary ideals, trust education in Marxism-Leninism, Ho Chi Minh’s thought and the


leadership role of the Party are clearly reflected in the contents and forms of education to enhance the role of revolutionary ideals in the context of international integration.

Our research results show that students are well aware of the role of education of revolutionary ideals in the current international integration context, specifically in the fight against corruption, bureaucracy, democracy loss; maintaining the political stability and social security; promoting national cultural identity; continuing the campaign to build and correct the Party; strengthening the great national unity bloc. Furthermore, students understand that it is necessary to develop a socialist-oriented market economy; maintain the goal of national independence and socialism; combat the risk of deviating from socialism (Table 6).


Table 6 – Assessment of students about the role of education of revolutionary ideals in the current international integration context


Measure

N

Rate %

Anticorruption, bureaucracy, loss of democracy

608

14.3

Maintaining the political stability and social security

581

13.7

Promoting national cultural identity

536

12.6

Continuing the campaign to build and correct the Party

491

11.6

Strengthening the great national unity bloc

562

13.2

It is necessary to develop a socialist-oriented market economy

478

11.3

It is necessary to uphold the goal of national independence and socialism

513

12.1

It is necessary to combat the risk of deviating from socialism

477

11.2

Source: Survey results in June-August 2021


The application of methods of teaching and popularizing the contents and forms in education of revolutionary ideals should be suitable to the actual situation, demands of society, the awareness and level of learners. Only in this way, can we attract learners and make education highly effective, thereby building the trust and happiness in students’ lifestyles, actions, and learning. Furthermore, it also creates a driving force of solidarity, mutual love, spirit and will to self-reliance in the construction and defense of the country. Specifically, the content of the education of revolutionary ideals curriculum in universities today has made learners happy when they help others in their times of difficulties and tribulation. Besides, learners know how to forgive others when they have regretted and corrected mistakes; they have solidarity and cooperation to create strength and effectiveness in work; they understand that participation in activities to build and protect the homeland is


the responsibility and obligation of students and youth; the protection of the environment and natural resources is also the responsibility of students and young people; the protection of traditional cultural values of the nation is also the responsibility of students and young people. Additionally, they know that it is necessary to actively participate in blood donation activities, volunteering; and they need to be proactive, positive, dynamic, creative in learning, working, and have a suitable lifestyle to the nature of the country’s future generations (Table 7).


Table 7 – Student’s assessment of the content of education of revolutionary ideals in the integration period (%)


Measure

Very correct

Correct

Wondering

Incorrect

Very incorrect

You feel happy when you help others in their times of difficulty

58.3

33.6

2.7

1.3

4.0

Know how to forgive others when they have regretted and corrected

their mistakes.


35.8


48.4


10.2


1.9


3.6

Have solidarity and cooperation to

create strength and effectiveness at work


55.6


35.7


3.4


1.5


3.7

Participating in activities to build and protect the homeland is the responsibility and obligation of

students and youth.


51.0


37.9


5.4


2.1


3.6

Protecting the environment and

natural resources is the responsibility of students and young people.


54.0


36.4


3.6


2.1


3.9

Protecting traditional cultural values of the nation is the responsibility of

students and young people.


50.7


37.8


5.4


1.9


4.2

Actively participating in blood donation activities, volunteering.

46.3

42.6

5.7

1.2

4.2

Being proactive, positive, dynamic and creative in learning, working and

having suitable lifestyle to the nature of the country's future generations


54.3


36.4


3.7


1.6


3.9

Source: Survey results in June-August 2021


In which, movements and activities are one of the contents included for education and popularization, and are highly appreciated by students (Table 8).

In our research, the survey results from students’ assessment of the content and form of revolutionary ideal education for students according to Ho Chi Minh’s thought, moral example and style at institutions currently show that both content and form are very rich,


attractive to learners. However, a small part of students think that the content is not appropriate, the form is boring, but this proportion is not high (2.8 %) (Table 9).


Table 8 – Assessment of the importance of movements and activities for students in education of revolutionary ideals (%)


Measure

Not important

Normal

Important

Very important

“Green Summer” program

1.8

20.7

49.8

27.7

“Exam-Season Support” program

1.2

20.2

45.7

32.8

Blood donation

1.6

9.4

34.6

54.3

“Gratitude” program, “Drink Water, Remember the Source”

program


1.2


9.3


39.4


50.1

Participation in charity activities

1.6

10.5

43.6

44.2

Source: Survey results in June-August 2021


Table 9 – Assessment on the content and form of education of revolutionary ideals for students according to Ho Chi Minh’s thought, moral example and style at the institutions currently


Measure

N

Rate (%)

Appropriate contents; the rich and attractive form.

414

62.1

Suitable contents, not rich and attractive form.

234

35.1

Inappropriate content, the boring form.

19

2.8

Total

667

100.0

Source: Survey results in June-August 2021


One of the issues of education of revolutionary ideals for students in the context of international integration is to uphold ideals and determination for the goal of building and defending the socialist fatherland. President Ho Chi Minh said that the practice of revolutionary struggle is the best place to educate ideals for the young generation. The enlightenment of ideals not only focuses on the perception but also manifests in the spirit and determination to realize the ideal. According to him, young people are the future owners of the country; therefore, right from the present, they must prepare to do that, being necessary to study hard politics, technology, culture, but the first thing is to practice and be imbued with socialist thought, and remove individualism… President Ho Chi Minh once emphasized that “Young people need to have the spirit and courage, creativity; they need to have the spirit of


enthusiasm and the spirit of moving forward, overcoming all difficulties and hardships to progress continuously” (HO, 2000).

In the education of young generation, the role of institutions and associations is very important. President Ho Chi Minh once emphasized the role of institutions and the education- training industry. It can be said that institutions are the most favorable environment for young people’s education in all aspects: cultivating the morality, the will, and practicing the required qualities and personality for a bright future. Besides, the Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union is a revolutionary organization founded and trained by President Ho Chi Minh himself and the Communist Party of Vietnam. During the Vietnamese revolution, the Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union made great contributions to the nation’s revolutionary cause. This is both an organization and an environment for the patriotic youth to practice and dedicate. To promote the role of youth, Ho Chi Minh advised: “The Central Youth Union needs to further strengthen the education of patriotism, the class enlightenment and revolutionary morality for union members and young people” (HO, 2000).

In the context of international integration, the Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union is increasingly promoting its role, standing side by side with the youth and students in orienting, fostering and cultivating the revolutionary ideals. In our research results, activities aimed at the education of revolutionary ideals for students at schools and classes often involve educational subjects such as school administrators (accounting for 17.8 % of participants); the (official and visiting) lecturers of the Faculty of Political Theory (accounting for 22.3% of participants), Student Union (accounting for 24.4% of participants), Youth Union (accounting for 26.1% of participants), the academic advisors (accounting for 9.5% of participants).

Research results have shown that students can access through many different sources of information such as: through mass media (television, Internet, books, etc.) (accounting for 22.4%); through the subject of Ho Chi Minh’s thought, the Party History, Marxist-Leninist Philosophy (19.9%); through activities launched by the Youth Union and Student Union (18.5%); the School’s Party Committee, the Faculty of Political Theory (15.3%), and through the launch of the School’s Board of Directors and student clubs (13.5% and 10.4%, respectively) (Table 10).


Table 10 – Source of information on the campaign “Study and follow Ho Chi Minh’s thought, moral example and style”


Measure

N

Rate %

Through mass media (television, internet, books...)

603

22.4

Through the launch of the School Board of Directors

364

13.5

Through organizational activities of the School Party Committee, Faculty of

Political Theory

412

15.3

Through activities launched by the Youth Union, the Student Union of the

University

498

18.5

Through the subject of Ho Chi Minh's Thought, the Party History, Marxist-

Leninist Philosophy

536

19.9

Through student’s clubs

279

10.4

Total

2692

100.0

Source: Survey results in June-August 2021


Table 11 shows the question made to the survey respondents: As a student of Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education, in their study, work, creativity and lifestyle, please indicate your level of assessment with the following contents?

Research results in Table 11 show that most students are imbued with revolutionary ideals and concretize the revolutionary ideals into regular actions such as having a healthy lifestyle and not falling into evils society; having a simple, thrifty lifestyle; having a spirit of learning and be modest; having a neat, tidy, hygienic and punctual lifestyle; being honest, objective, critical and self-critical; promoting the tradition of “drink water, remember its source”, arousing the spirit of community solidarity, the spirit of mutual love, mutual assistance of the Vietnamese people; being positive, proactive, creative in learning, and self- sacrificing for the community, bravely overcoming all difficulties for noble purposes and ideals. This clearly shows our trust in the revolutionary ideals initiated and led by our Party, in the Party's line, in Marxism-Leninism and Ho Chi Minh's Thought.


Table 11 – Level of assessment of students about the role of education of revolutionary ideals in the integration period (%)


Measure

Regularly

Sometimes

No idea

Be positive, proactive and creative in learning.

60.4

35.4

4.2

Having a neat, tidy, hygienic and punctual lifestyle

71.2

24.7

4.0

Be simple, thrifty, with the spirit of learning, and being

modest

73.6

22.5

3.9

Diligence, hard work, willpower, energy and

determination to reach to better learning

66.4

28.5

5.1

Healthy lifestyle, not falling into social evils

82.3

13.9

3.7

Be honest, objective, critical and self-critical

70.6

23.5

5.8

The tradition of “drinking water, remember the source” arouses the spirit of community solidarity, the spirit of mutual love, mutual assistance of the Vietnamese

people.


69.1


25.5


5.4

Self-sacrifice for the community, bravely overcome all

difficulties for noble purposes and ideals

48.1

41.2

10.6

Source: Survey results in June-August 2021


The analysis results reveal that the majority of students have good sociopolitical consciousness. They are imbued with moral values and revolutionary ideals. Turning ideals into actions in lifestyle, actions; perfecting your own personality and ethics are to meet the needs of international integration. In addition, there is a part of students who are still indifferent to politics and the situation of the country. They do not have their own opinions, not take a firm stance and not grasp the education of revolutionary ideals in schools. Moreover, they are indifferent to social developments, lack the trust in Marxism-Leninism, Ho Chi Minh’s Thought and the Party’s leadership, as well as the country’s renovation. This will lead to being easily provoked, manipulated, and seduced. This is an alarming problem for all levels and sectors, especially the subjects that implement education, because the hostile forces are trying their best to oppose and destroy our country with the aim of transforming ideology and lowering the Party’s prestige in the students’ perception.


Some solutions to improve the effectiveness of education of revolutionary ideals for students in the current international integration context


Strengthening the leadership of the Party and the management of the state on the issue of revolutionary ideal education for young people


First, education, training, fostering and creating all favorable conditions for students to strive, train and develop comprehensively both physically, mentally and spiritually to meet the requirements of the cause of national development. Those are people who live with ambition, high ideals, knowledge, health, and a sense of civic responsibility. To do this, it is necessary to strengthen the education and training of young people in the following aspects: political qualities, revolutionary ethics, improving the professional qualifications and skills, etc.

Second, organizing extensive campaigns and movements to both educate and train students such as: the campaign of “Study and follow Ho Chi Minh’s moral example” to help students to build, cultivate, foster revolutionary morality, live with ideals, trust, dreams and ambitions; or the movement of “Emulate, volunteer, build and defend the Fatherland” to mobilize students to develop their full potentials, actively study and practice so that they can contribute their talents and youth to the cause of national construction and defense; and the movement of “All people build a cultural life” to help students to become aware of their civic responsibility, have compassion, solidarity, mutual love and affection, live a cultured life, have a village love and a neighborly love. Through these campaigns and movements, students gradually form dynamism, creativity; they dare to think, dare to do; they have will and energy, bravery and trust; even they are determined to bring all their talents, ability and youth to contribute to the construction and development of an increasingly rich, nice, civilized country.


Enhancing the role of family, school and society in education of revolutionary ideals for students


The family is the cell of society and the environment that establishes the initial relationships of people. The strength of the family is the emotional relationship between relatives in the family, thereby creating a great emotional power that institutions and society do not have. Family is the cradle that forms the moral foundation in people. Traditions and manners in the family have a great impact on the education of morality, lifestyle and personality not only for children but also for teenagers.


Education in institutions plays a very important role in forming revolutionary ideals for students. The institution is a disciplined, professional, educational environment. The institution is a place to educate students with noble living ideals and the required qualities and ethical standards of a citizen. However, at present, due to some negative effects of the market economy, it has partly affected the function of the moral, ideal, lifestyle education of the institution for students. In order to improve the effectiveness of education of revolutionary ideals for students, it is necessary to innovate both educational content and methods. In addition, it is important to improve the quality of the teaching staff, in which each teacher must always maintain their professional ethics and behaviors, and must always be exemplary in studying, researching, teaching, and treating in life so that students follow.

The role of society in the education of revolutionary ideals for students is reflected in the orientation of values, ethical standards, and ideals of life, and it contributes to preventing harmful thoughts in the external environment from entering Vietnam, thereby adversely affecting the revolutionary ideals of students. The power of public opinion is great because it has a strong impact on people’s behavior, but public opinion is like a double-edged sword. If we can take advantage of healthy public opinion, it will be very effective in adjusting human behavior in accordance with traditional moral values and the social standards recognized by Vietnamese people. On the contrary, unhealthy public opinion will affect people’s consciousness and behavior with distorted thoughts. Therefore, creating the right public opinion is a very important measure to prevent acts which run counter to the national interests of the community, to protect the traditional values and ethical standards of the nation that have been preserved for thousands of years.

It is necessary to promote the role of the Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union, the Student Union, the Women’s Union etc. in criticizing the manifestations of moral degradation, popularization, building and consolidating social relations, arousing the fine cultural traditions of the nation. In addition, it is also necessary to mobilize and effectively use the means of popularization and mass information to educate revolutionary ideals for students, such as encouraging and praising the good examples and good deeds; providing healthy information and cultural products with high educational effect, enriching knowledge as well as enriching the spiritual life of students.


Raising students’ sense of self-discipline, self-education and self-training for revolutionary ideals


As stated above, education of revolutionary ideals plays a great role in the process of forming and developing revolutionary ideals for students. According to the principle of the development of the materialist dialectic in Marxist-Leninist philosophy, all things and phenomena of the world exist in constant movement, development and transformation (CENTRAL THEORETICAL COUNCIL, 2001). However, we know that the movement and development of all things and phenomena is always the result of the process of self- movement—that is determined by internal factors. Therefore, education only achieves high results when there is a close combination between the education of the family, school and society with the self-education of students in an active, proactive and self-conscious manner. Education of revolutionary ideals for students is no exception to that rule. The self-education process is self-advocacy, this process requires students to have high will, energy and determination to promote positivity, initiative and self-discipline in the process of practicing the virtue and talent. This is a very serious requirement of the self-education process, especially self-awareness. Without self-discipline, it is impossible to promote positivity, initiative and creativity in learning and training.

In order to improve the role and effectiveness of the self-education process, students must actively and consciously participate in activities of youth unions and student unions such as volunteering activities, movements for starting a business in the future, joining clubs, teams, groups. This is a good environment for students to express themselves, and, at the same time, an opportunity for society to better recognize and appreciate the role of students in the cause of national construction and defense. It can be said that promoting the self-education process, promoting the initiative and creativity of students in learning are the very important teaching method that needs to be promoted in the context of strong development of the current scientific and technological revolution.

In order to improve the effectiveness of students’ self-education process, it is necessary to have leadership and management in a scientific way, which not only stimulates the need for self-affirmation, students’ efforts but also ensures self-education activities have the right direction, content, clear plan and practical effectiveness. Teachers, union officials and associations need to set a good example of self-education and self-discipline for students to follow, consider it a regular and long-term task.


Final considerations


The education of revolutionary ideals for Vietnamese students in general and students of Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education in particular is now an important issue related to the existence and development of the country in the process of national industrialization and modernization and the international integration. Education of revolutionary ideals for students is both a goal, a driving force and an objective requirement of the cause of building and defending the socialist Fatherland. In order to improve the effectiveness of the education of revolutionary ideals for students in the process of international integration, it is necessary to properly perceive the role and position of students and the urgent requirement of this education for them. At the same time, it is necessary to realize that education of revolutionary ideals for students is a difficult, long and complicated task. Therefore, effective solutions can be built to form, foster and develop revolutionary ideals for students in the process of international integration in Vietnam currently.


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How to reference this article


NHU THUY, N. T.; THI QUYET, N. Current education of revolutionary ideals for university students in the context of international integration in Vietnam. Nuances Est. Sobre Educ., Presidente Prudente, v. 32, e021007, jan./dez. 2021. e-ISSN: 2236-0441. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32930/nuances.v32i00.9120


Submitted: 10/09/2021 Required revisions: 10/10/2021 Approved: 13/11/2021 Published: 28/12/2021